APPOLLO 11 MOON LANDING

Why was the Mission Planned?

Apollo 11 mission was planned as a result of the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first-ever artificial satellite, Sputnik, into Earth’s orbit, causing shock and concern in the US. The Cold War escalated when in 1961, Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go to space. This prompted US President John F. Kennedy to propose a new space program that would put humans on the moon before the end of the decade, a task that seemed impossible given the lack of technology available at the time. Nonetheless, Kennedy provided $7-$9 billion in additional funding to the space program, and after several years of testing, the Apollo 11 mission was launched in 1969, with Neil Armstrong being the first person to step on the moon. Despite the overwhelming evidence supporting the success of the mission, many conspiracy theories have been put forth, claiming that the landing was a hoax.

Lead up to Apollo 11

NASA continued to test and refine their equipment through numerous unmanned and manned missions leading up to Apollo 11, and that the famous mission included three astronauts: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin. While Armstrong and Aldrin achieved lasting fame for being the first humans to step on the moon, Collins played an essential role in the mission by staying in orbit around the moon to ensure that the Lunar Module could safely return to Earth.

Some Events of the Moon-landing

The astronauts’ collection of samples, photography and installation of scientific instruments, including a device to measure solar winds and a passive seismometer are mentioned. Following the 21 hours spent on the Moon, the switch to activate the engine on the Lunar Module had been broken, but a ballpoint pen was used to complete the circuit and reignite the engine. The astronauts successfully reattached to the CSM and planned their return trip to Earth with the added installation of thrusters in the Service Module to avoid damaging the Command Module. The Service Module’s thrusters weren’t working, causing the astronauts to watch as the module broke apart around them. Luckily, the Command Module remained safe, and they were able to make it back to Earth without issue

Soviet Union’s Decision

The astronauts were even quarantined for two weeks afterward, to prevent them from carrying pathogens back to Earth. Despite multiple conspiracy theories surrounding the legitimacy of the moon landing, they have been debunked several times, and even the Soviet Union acknowledged that the landing was factual in their Great Soviet Encyclopaedia. The flag planted on the moon was designed with a horizontal rod, causing the ripple that is seen in the photos and videos, and stars weren’t visible due to the sunlight hitting the moon and the astronauts’ reflective suits.

Theories and Criticism’s

Some theories propose that the shadows and lack of stars in the background of certain pictures indicate that the landing was faked. However, multiple sources of light on the moon’s surface caused the light to scatter in all directions resulting in bizarre shadows. Additionally, critics questioned NASA’s decision to spend so much money on the moon landing rather than addressing problems such as education, income inequality, and the ongoing Vietnam War. Nevertheless, the advancements in technology and exploration prompted by the Apollo 11 mission, including the development of computer chips, have had long-lasting benefits. NASA plans to send the first woman and person of colour to the moon by 2025-2026 through its Artemis program


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